基于光纤光栅技术测力锚杆及保护结构的研究

本文介绍了光纤光栅技术在测力锚杆上的应用,并且基于常用托盘的力学结构,增大了托盘内部的空间、设计了与之相连接的金属保护套筒使之成为一体式结构,从而有效地保护了光纤测力锚杆的主体结构。     

Cable tray FIRE tests simulations in open atmosphere and in confined and mechanically ventilated compartments with the CALIF3S/ISIS CFD software

Fire hazard in nuclear power plants (NPPs) is particularly often investigated as potential cause of safety equipment failure and confinement loss. Many fire events recorded in NPPs involve electric cables, widely used throughout facilities. IRSN is developing the CALIF3S/ISIS computational fluid dynamics software devoted to fire simulation in large‐scale confined and mechanically ventilated compartments. This paper presents two aspects of the CALIF3S/ISIS code ability to simulate fires. The first one concerns vertical and horizontal spreading of a cable tray fire in open atmosphere using an approach based on the FLASH‐CAT cable fire spread model. Resorting to the suitable parameters of the FLASH‐CAT model based on video fire analyses of tests enables to properly compute the heat release rate of the fire. The second aspect concerns the ability to simulate the evolution and consequences of fires in confined and mechanically ventilated compartments. For these cases, the heat release rate measured during the corresponding experiment is used as input data for the calculations. The predicted evolutions of pressure or gas temperatures are in relatively good accordance with the experiments. The major discrepancy concerns gas concentrations in the fire room which is attributed to a lack of information about the properties of the fuel material.     

Computational Fluid Dynamics versus Experiment: An Investigation on Liquid Weeping of Nye Trays

The weeping phenomenon was investigated using some experimental tests and a numerical model. The tests were performed within a 1.22‐m‐diameter pilot‐scale column including two chimney trays and two Nye test trays with an air‐water system. The rates of weeping were measured in the Nye trays with two heights of the weir and a hole area of 5 %. Moreover, the weeping rates in the outlet and inlet halves of the Nye tray and the total weeping rate were calculated. In the next step, an Eulerian‐Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used. The results show good agreement between the attained CFD findings and the experimental data.     

托盘式湿法烟气脱硫塔阻力特性研究

采用冷态物理模型结合商用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)软件,对山东某火电厂300 MW机组配套托盘塔的流场和阻力特性进行了研究,取得了孔板阻力损失与液气比之间的二次函数关系。研究结果表明,塔内两相流场分布合理,入口处液滴受烟气的拖拽作用形成明显的干湿界面,负荷和液气比是影响脱硫塔阻力的重要因素。当液气比一定时,托盘上方能够维持相对稳定的持液层及鼓泡过程;满负荷运行时,脱硫塔阻力损失约为1600 Pa,其中孔板占1/4,持液层占3/4。拟合获得了托盘区阻力损失同液气比之间的关系,为托盘塔的应用、运行及优化提供了理论指导。     

新型复合式内部能量集成的精馏塔的机械设计与水力学模拟

基于HIDiC的理论和Aspen 模拟的结果，建立了新型内部能量集成的精馏塔的塔节结构，对筛孔式结构的复合HIDiC塔节做了CFD模拟，探索了不同参数下的水力学性能，优化了新型复合塔节的结构。结果表明：对于筛孔式复合塔节，减小塔板孔径，降低出口堰高有利于提高传质和传热效果。利用SolidWorks软件针对温度与压力下的双重效应做了静应力分析，通过HIDiC理论，模型构建，水力学模拟相互验证，将HIDiC逐板换热的理论与实际模型完美结合。     

全逆流无返混喷射塔板技术在C4萃取中的应用

由于石油炼制和石化生产过程中产生的副产物C_4烃类的产量逐年增加,据推算,国内炼厂C_4总量每年超过600×104 t,因此,研究C_4组分的分离及深加工利用开发对国内乙烯工业及相关工业的发展具有重要的战略意义和现实作用。目前,在C_4分离及深加工的萃取精馏中存在塔板阻力降大、处理能力达不到满负荷、分离指标不合格、能耗高等问题。介绍了浙江宁波昊德化学工业股份有限公司C_4萃取及汽提塔改造前的情况及存在的问题。对此,将原DJ浮阀塔板全部更换为全逆流塔板,改造后装置负荷由约80%提高到130%,蒸汽消耗节省35%,各项指标均良好,未出现拦液等现象,装置目前运行平稳。     

New froth behaviour observations and comparison of experimental sieve tray entrainment data with existing correlations

A thorough understanding of the hydrodynamics in tray columns is required to optimise column and tray design for specific operating capacities and conditions. Liquid transported by the rising gas to the tray above, defined as entrainment, is one way of measuring the tray column capacity limit. Entrainment correlations available in the literature have been developed with predominantly air/water data, because of the limited availability of non-air/water data. In this work an experimental setup was constructed to measure entrainment, tray pressure drop and weeping for various gas and liquid systems. The experimental entrainment data for three systems, namely air/water, air/ethylene glycol and air/silicone oil, is compared to existing correlations. The effect of liquid physical properties on entrainment under flow factors ranging from 1.6 kg^0.5/(m^0.5 s), for a 415 mm tray spacing to 4.0 kg^0.5/(m^0.5 s) for a 615 mm tray spacing within a liquid flow range of 2.9–112 m³/(h m) was observed. The experimental results showed a somewhat complex dependency of entrainment on liquid physical properties. At gas flow factors of 2.2 kg^0.5/(m^0.5 s) for the 415 mm tray spacing, entrainment reached a maximum in the froth regime and then decreased with increasing liquid rates. Notably, the liquid viscosity – not included in previously developed correlations – significantly influences the entrainment behaviour. Existing entrainment correlations agree better with the air/water data than with the air/ethylene glycol or air/silicone oil data.     

单臂回转艇筏吊架托盘的有限元分析与优化设计

运用有限元方法对单臂吊艇架吊臂托盘在不同的工况下进行分析计算,指出了传统设计的不足,并在有限元分析的基础上对托盘结构进行改进,对各个部分的厚度进行优化,为托盘的设计提供了依据.     

低液体负荷塔板优化设计

低液体负荷塔板的传质效率经常难以维持,需采用栅栏堰。归纳出了低液体负荷塔板的优化设计方法,提出了合理的设计判据,并应用计算流体力学模拟研究了栅栏宽度对塔板上液体速度分布的影响,确定了合适的设计参数范围。工程实践表明,此设计方法可以指导低液体负荷塔板的优化设计,提高塔板操作性能。